In a significant move, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) has officially added 20 Nigerian words and phrases to its lexicon. This expansion is a recognition of the growing global influence of Nigerian English and the country’s rich linguistic culture. The inclusion of these words marks an acknowledgment of Nigeria’s impact on the English language, particularly through its diverse expressions in everyday life, music, and popular culture.
Among the new additions is the word Japa, a term used to describe the act of emigrating, often in search of better opportunities abroad. This word has gained widespread usage, especially among young Nigerians seeking to leave the country for greener pastures. Also included is Agbero, referring to individuals, typically young men, who work as touts in bus stations or motor parks, helping passengers with their luggage and collecting transport fees. The inclusion of such terms highlights Nigeria’s vibrant informal sector.
Another key addition is Eba, a traditional Nigerian dish made from cassava flour, which is a staple food in many Nigerian households. Eba is typically eaten with rich, flavorful soups like egusi and ogbono, representing the country’s rich culinary heritage. Other Nigerian words added to the dictionary include 419, a term for fraudulent scams, particularly those that involve promising large sums of money for an upfront fee. Abi, a common expression in Nigerian Pidgin used to seek agreement, is also among the new entries.
These words are part of a broader inclusion of Nigerian expressions such as “area boy,” “suya,” and “Naija,” which capture the essence of Nigerian society, from street culture to local cuisine. The OED’s decision to include these terms is a reflection of the increasing prominence of Nigerian English and its role in shaping global communication. With millions of speakers across Africa and the diaspora, Nigerian English continues to evolve and influence global conversations.
Nigerian English consultant for the OED, Kingsley Ugwuanyi, played an instrumental role in ensuring the accurate inclusion and definition of these words. He also provided pronunciation guides for many of the terms, ensuring their authenticity. The inclusion of these words into the OED not only showcases the dynamism of Nigerian English but also celebrates the cultural contributions of Nigeria to the global linguistic landscape.
